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Objective:To explore the level of arterial stiffness and its influencing factors in prediabetic population.Methods:From June 2021 to June 2022, 207 prediabetes patients were prospectively and randomly recruited from the physical examination center and outpatient clinic of Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University to be the prediabetic group and 130 healthy volunteers at the same time with the same gender and age as the healthy controls. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial-radial PWV, and femoral-ankle PWV were measured by an automatic ultrasonic arterial stiffness measurement technology. The common carotid artery wall intima-media thickness (IMT) and left heart function were routinely evaluated. A questionnaire was designed to investigate the subjects′ smoking, drinking, diet, staying up late, exercise and other living habits. Comparison between groups and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relevant data.Results:The carotid-femoral PWV and common carotid artery wall IMT in prediabetic group were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [(7.10±2.00)m/s vs (6.26±1.14)m/s, (0.57±0.11)mm vs (0.51±0.08)mm; both P<0.001], but there were no significant differences in the brachial-radial PWV and femoral-ankle PWV between the two groups (both P>0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that prediabetes was an independent influencing factor in carotid-femoral PWV after adjusting for confounding factors ( P<0.001), in addition, age ( P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( P<0.001), staying up late ( P=0.011) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P=0.022) were also the independent influencing factors of carotid-femoral PWV. Conclusions:Compared with healthy people, the stiffness of aorta is significantly increased in prediabetic people, but there is no significant change in the stiffness of peripheral arteries. Prediabetes, age, diastolic blood pressure, staying up late and low density lipoprotein cholesterol are independent influencing factors of carotid-femoral PWV.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of self-made phase-change nanodroplets IR780/FA-Nds-DTX as molecular targeted ultrasound contrast agents for accurate diagnosis and combined targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer.Methods:Pancreatic cancer cell lines were cultured in vitro and 50 tumor bearing nude mouse models were established. The experimental group (IR780/ FA-NdS-DTX) and four control groups[ normal saline, Nds(FITC), FA-Nds (FITC) and IR-780] were divided to verify dual-mode targeted imaging. The imaging using the IVIS Imaging System verified the high-efficiency targeted detection ability and near-infrared fluorescence imaging of IR780/FA-Nds-DTX for tumors in vivo, phase transformation induced by low-intensity focused ultrasound and further contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging verified the high-efficiency aggregation of IR780/FA-Nds-DTX in local tumors and accurate evaluation of tumor contour. The therapeutic effect was observed in the experimental group (IR780/FA-Nds-DTX) and four control groups (FA-Nds-IR780, FA-Nds-DTX, FA-Nds and normal saline). After low-intensity focused ultrasound irradiation for 30s induced microbubble blasting after phase transformation in each group, 808nm photothermal therapy apparatus was used to irradiate tumor area in each group. Two-dimensional ultrasound was used to monitor the changes in tumor volume in each group before and at 3 d, 9 d, 15 d after treatment, and the changes in tumor volume rate and inhibition in each group were statistically analyzed and compared.Results:The amount of IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX locally targeted aggregation was the largest, and the average fluorescence intensity of tumor in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control groups: IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with Nds(FITC) group[(5.12±0.69)×10 7 vs (1.06±0.23)×10 7, P<0.05], IR780/FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds (FITC) group [(5.12±0.69)×10 7 vs (2.98±0.34)×10 7, P<0.05], IR780/FA-Nds-DTX group compared with IR-780 group [(5.12±0.69)×10 7 vs (1.54±0.42)×10 7, P<0.05], and there was no fluorescence in tumor area in saline group. Further contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging after nanodroplet phase transformation could more accurately locate the tumor boundary. After 15 days of photothermal ablation combined with chemotherapy, the growth rate of tumor volume in the IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control groups: IR780/FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds-IR780 group[(0.105±0.075) vs (0.405±0.175), P<0.05], IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds-DTX group [(0.105±0.075) vs (1.385±0.035), P<0.05], IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds group [(0.105±0.075) vs (2.255±0.105), P<0.05], IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with normal saline group [(0.105±0.075) vs (2.185±0.155), P<0.05]. And the tumor inhibition rate increased significantly: IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds-IR780 group [(0.93±0.06) vs (0.48±0.17), P<0.05], IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds-DTX group [(0.93±0.06) vs (-0.51±0.105), P<0.05], IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with FA-Nds group [(0.93±0.06) vs (-1.63±0.115), P<0.05], IR780/ FA-Nds-DTX group compared with normal saline[(0.93±0.06) vs (-1.35±0.245), P<0.05]. Conclusions:The self-made phase-change ultrasound contrast agents IR780/FA-Nds-DTX have good potential clinical value in targeted detection and combined therapy of pancreatic cancer with small lesions or even metastases.
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Objective:To prepare a dual targeting nanobubble both for HER2 target and cancer cell target, and compare the targeting ability with single targeting nanobubble either with HER2 targeting or cancer cell targeting ability in vitro.Methods:Nanobubbles(NBs) were prepared using the modified thin film hydration method and then connected with IR783 directly (NBs-IR783), HER2 antibody Affibody by avidin-biotin method (NBs-Affibody), or both of them (IR783-NBs-Affibody). The size distribution, stability, and biosafety of these contrast agents were observed. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were applied to compare the binding rate of these NBs against HER2 positive breast cancer cell in vitro.Results:The average size of NBs-Affibody, NBs-IR783 and IR783-NBs-Affibody was (538.4±95.8)nm, (551.8±114.8)nm, and (482.7±54.3)nm, respectively. The binding rate for HER2 positive cell was 26.6%, 97.6%, 84.5%, while for HER2 negative cell was 5.4%, 99.9% and 99.3%, respectively. The results of dual-labeled flow cytometry showed that the binding rate of IR783-NBs-Affibody mediated by IR783 to HER2 positive breast cancer cells were 79.5% and Affibody mediated HER2 targeting binding rate were 19.4%. However, NBs-IR783 only showed IR783-mediated tumor targeted binding without HER2 targeting ability with binding rate of 2.3%.Conclusions:The prepared IR783-NBs-Affibody has the dual targeting ability for HER2 positive breast cancer cell, which is superior to the single targeting NBs (NBs-Affibody and NBs-IR783). IR783-NBs-Affibody is optimal to meet the imaging requirements of tumor heterogeneity.
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Objective:To observe and evaluate the imaging of the substantia nigra (SN) in the midbrain of 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)-constructed PD rat model by transcranial sonography (TCS), and to observe whether the substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (SNH) in nigral region appeared stably, for the purpose of providing a scientific method and theoretical basis for the selection and construction of laboratory animal disease model of PD.Methods:Rats were divided into vehicle group and 6-OHDA group, and received stereotactic injection. After 15 days, TCS was performed to observe both model and vehicle group whether the characteristic SNH appeared in ipsilateral substantia nigra compared with contralateral. The rats were sacrificed after detection, and the number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and fibers in the nigrostriatal pathway of each rat were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Protein expression levels were observed by western blot. These experimental results of the 6-OHDA group and the vehicle group were compared to evaluate whether the model was successfully constructed and compared with the performance of their ultrasound images.Results:Nine rats survived PD model group and vehicle group. 6-OHDA PD rat models appeared stable SNH under the TCS examination, and the average area of SNH was (3.258±0.220)cm 2. Immunofluorescence staining showed apparently loss of TH-ir cells; Western blot showed TH protein level of ipsilateral dramatically decreased. Conclusions:The SNH consistently emerges in 6-OHDA unilateral rat PD models with relatively high survival rate and success rate.6-OHDA rat models can be used to study the unclear mechanism of SNH.
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Objective:To investigate the application of ultrasound imaging in evaluating the curative effect of patients with nutcracker syndrome (NCS) treated with three-dimensional(3D) printing extravascular titanium stents.Methods:From December 2015 to December 2018, a total of 41 NCS patients enrolled in the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University to receive 3D-printing extravascular titanium stents treatment were included in this study. Ultrasound and CT angiography (CTA) were performed before and 1 week after operation to evaluate the compression of left renal vein and related hemodynamic changes.Results:Before the operative, the ultrasound examination showed that the angle between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery was (21.29±4.53)°, which was significantly improved in 1 week after treatment [(47.42±7.45)°, P<0.001]. Left renal vein was significantly compressed before treatment, with the smallest inner diameter of (1.51±0.49)mm and its peak blood flow velocity was (143.92±50.40)cm/s. Postoperative ultrasound images showed the significant expansion of left renal vein and no high velocity blood flow was observed. Ultrasound examination also showed that the diameter of left renal vein at renal hilum, blood flow velocity at renal hilum and inner diameter of spermatic vein were significantly improved after treatment ( P<0.001). Similar to ultrasound results, CTA also found that the angle between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery increased significantly after treatment[(17.59±4.56)° vs (52.27±9.01)°, P<0.001]. CTA also showed the left renal vein was compressed before treatment, with the smallest inner diameter of (2.09±0.86)mm, and it was significantly expanded after operation. The inner diameter of left renal vein at renal hilum was also significantly reduced after treatment ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Ultrasound imaging can effectively evaluate the LRV compression and related hemodynamic changes before and after 3D printed stent implantation treatment in NCS patients and provide a reliable method to evaluate its clinical efficacy for these patients.
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To evaluate the accuracy of transcranial color‐code sonography ( TCCS) in non‐invasive assessment of intracranial pressure( ICP ) . TCCS was used to monitor the cerebral hemodynamic parameters of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury after decompressive craniectomy and make estimation of the non‐invasive intracranial pressure ( ICPtccs) . Methods A total of 91 patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury involved in this retrospective study were divided into the ICP normal group( ≤22 mm Hg ) and the ICP increased group ( ＞22 mm Hg ) . T he correlation and consistency of middle cerebral artery blood flow parameters and ICPtccs with invasive intracranial pressure ( iICP ) were analyzed . According to Glasgow score ( GCS) ,Patients( GCS 3－8) were divided into acute extremely severe traumatic brain injury( GCS 3 －5) and acute severe traumatic brain injury ( GCS 6 －8 ) . A comparison was made of ROC ( ICPtccs) curve and the area under the curve( AUC) between the two groups were cornpared . Results①No statistical differences were found in cerebral hemodynamic parameters between the side with and without decompressive craniectomy in patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury ( all P ＞0 .05 ) . ②M onitored resistive index ( RI) ,pulsatility index ( PI) and ICPtccs between the normal ICP group and the increased ICP group showed statistically significant differences ( all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,w hile monitored systolic velocity ,diastolic velocity and mean velocity presented no statistically significant difference ( all P ＞0 .05) . T he correlations between RI ,PI with iICP were low ( r＝ 0 .247 ,0 .221 ; all P ＜ 0 .05 ) ,w hile there was a moderate correlation between ICPtccs and iICP( r ＝0 .417 , P ＜0 .001 ) . ③Bland‐Altman plot showed an overestimation of 2 .3 mm Hg ( 95% CI 0 .00－4 .59 mm Hg ) for ICPtccs compared to iICP . ④T he AUC of Glasgow score ( GCS 3－5 and GCS 6－8) in the two groups were 0 .759 ,0 .781 ( all P ＜0 .05) . All the cut‐off points of ICPtccs were 19 mm Hg ,with a sensitivity of 83 .33% ,81 .82% and a specificity of 64 .86% , 75 .68% ,respectively . Pairwise comparison of two AUCs showed no statistical difference ( P ＝ 0 .476) . ICPtccs presented the same ability to estimate ICP in patients with acute severe and extremely severe traumatic brain injury . TCCS could accurately assess the elevation of ICP in 72 .52% patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury . Conclusions TCCS can be used as a non‐invasive screening tool to assess w hether ICP of patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury is elevated and to semi‐quantitatively estimate ICP ,showing useful clinical value .
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Objective To explore the value of transrectal elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.Methods Forty patients with final diagnosis of advanced(T≥3) rectal cancer were respectively examined with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS),endorectal elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) before and after neoadjuvant therapy(NET).The tumor size,strain ratio and quantitative parameters of contrast-enhanced ultrasound including arrival time(AT),time-to-peak (TTP),peak intensity(PI) and area under the curve(AUC) were recorded and compared before and after NET.In addition,the TRUS stages and postoperative pathological diagnosis were compared after NET.Results ①There were significant decreases in tumor size and strain ratio after the therapy compared with pre-therapy in all these patients(t =-6.13,P ＜0.001;t =-24.92,P ＜ 0.001).②PI and AUC were lower after NET than those of pre-therapy and the differences were significant(t =-9.66,P =0.001;t =-13.58,P ＜0.001).However,the changes of AT and TTP were no statistical significances (t =-1.17,P =0.307;t =-1.26,P =0.275).③The accuracys of preoperative TRUS for T stage and N stage of tumor evaluated according to pathology were respectively 75.0 ％ (30/40,Kappa =0.593,P =0.000) and 72.5 ％ (29/40,Kappa =0.396,P =0.009).Conclusions Transrectal elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound can reflect the pathological changes and perfusion characteristics of lesions in a certain extent and have high value in clinical therapy.
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Objective To observe the blood flow changes of left ventricular cavity and quantify the energy loss (EL) and circulation of left ventricular during systole and diastole in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) via vector flow mapping(VFM).Methods Thirty-six healthy volunteers and 32DCM patients were enrolled.According to the severity of mitral regurgitation(MR),DCM patients were divided into two groups.The quantitative parameters,including average energy loss(EL-base,EL mid,EL-apex) and circulation (vortex quantity,vortex area,circulation) were measured in the different periods of VFM imaging mode in apical four-chamber view,apical three-chamber view and apical two-chamber view respectively.The difference of parameters was evaluated between different groups during the different periods.The early transmitral valve blood flow velocity E,the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity A,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the early diastolic mitral valve velocity E/e,the ratio of early transmitral valve blood flow velocity to the late transmitral valve blood flow velocity E/A and Tei index were derived via dual-Doppler imaging technology.Meanwhile,the correlation between VFM parameters with E,A,E/A,E/e or Tei index was also analyzed.Results ①The level of EL were decreased significantly among EL-mid and EL-apex during early diastole,EL-mid during mid-systole,EL-mid and EL-apex during late-systole (P ＜0.05),when compared with the control group.The vortex quantity,vortex area and circulation during early diastole and the vortex area and circulation during atrial contraction period were significantly different between two groups (all P ＜ 0.05).As for mid-diastole,only vortex area showed significant difference (P ＜0).01).(②) When compared with different grades of MR in DCM patients,the level of all segments EL during diastole and EL-base during systole increased with severity of MR(P ＜0.05).The circulation during diastole also increased with the severity of MR(P ＜0.05).③The vortex area and circulation had positive correlation with E/e during diastole in all subjects(all P ＜0.05).The vortex area during atrial contraction period and early diastole had positive correlation with E/A and Tei index in all subjects(r =0.630,0.345,0.468,0.316,0.663,0.264,respectively,allP ＜0.01).EL-mid during late-systole were negatively correlated with LV end diastolic volume,end systolic volume,but positively correlated with ejection fraction in all subjects(r =0.335,-0.312,0.340,respectively,all P ＜0.05).While,there was positive correlation between E/A with the basal segment of mid-diastole(r =0.376,P ＜0.01).Conclusions The visualization of hydromechanics inside the heart of DCM patients could be directly accomplished by VFM,which can provide a new method for diagnosis and evaluation of DCM.
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Purpose The mean pulmonary artery (MPAP) has been widely used as an important parameter to diagnose and evaluate pulmonary hypertension (PH).The purpose of this paper is to compare the efficacy of two methods in evaluating PH,including estimating pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) using Doppler ultrasonography to measure tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity,and directly using the peak velocity of TR.Materiasl and Methods From January 2012 to June 2013,eighty patients with left-to-right shunt congenital heart diseases (CHD) planned for closure procedure in Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University and the General Hospital of Shenyang Military region were included in this prospective study,who underwent right heart catheterization to measure pulmonary artery pressure,and underwent Doppler ultrasonography to measure the peak velocity ofTR.Results Using catheter-measured MPAP of≥ 25 mmHg as diagnostic reference,the false positive rate was 62.96％,and the false negative rate 0％ when the estimated PASP of ＞30 mmHg determined by TR method was used to diagnose PH.There was high diagnostic agreement when peak velocity of TR was used to diagnose PH.When 320 cm/s and 340 crn/s were used as diagnostic cutoff values,false positive rates were 14.81％ and 7.41％,and false negative rates were 15.91％ and 20.45％,respectively.Conclusion In patients with left-to-right shunt CHD,peak velocity of TR measured on echocardiography can be used to diagnose PH which overcomes the high false positive rate in estimation method.It is more suitable to diagnose PH when the MPAP is used as the diagnostic criterion.
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Objective To compare the respective diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer with ultrasound diffusion optical imaging (DOI),ultrasonic elastography (UE),contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS),X-ray mammography(XRM),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),and combinations of these imaging modalities.Methods Seventy-five breast lesions were collected.These lesions were confirmed by surgery and histopathology.All of breast lesions were examined ultrasound,mammography and enhancedMRI examinations before surgical excision.The specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of each modality were compared.Results The sensitivities and the diagnostic negative predictive values for MRI + US + XRM (97.44％,96.15％),CEUS (92.31％,90.63％) and MRI (94.87 ％,92.86％) were significantly higher than those for XRM (74.36 ％,71.43 ％),respectively.The sensitivity for DOI + CEUS + UE was the same as one for CEUS,they were not significantly higher than those for UE and DOI (P ＞0.05),while they were significantly higher than that for XRM (P ＜0.05).The kappa values for DOI,UE,CEUS,USG(UE + DOI + CEUS),XRM,MRI and MRI + US + XRM were 0.678,0.624,0.732,0.705,0.439,0.677 and 0.676,respectively.Conclusions Different imaging modalities have themselves advantages to diagnose malignant or benign lesions.CEUS,MRI and combinations of these imaging modalities have highly important clinical values in breast disease diagnosis.
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Objective To explore the relationship between atherosclerotic plaque stability and junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) in atherosclerotic mice.Methods Twenty-six apolipoprotein E gene knockout(ApoE-/-) mice were divided into three groups.Group A (six mice) was control group,group B (ten mice) was disposed by ligation and high-fat diet and group C was disposed by high-fat diet with ten mice.The formation process of plaques were observed with high resolution ultrasound(22 MHz),and plaque markers were detected to evaluate palque stability for secondary grouping (group D was vulnerable plaque group and group E was stable plaque group).The plaque stability were evaluated by plaque vulnerability index and the expression of JAM-A were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining.The relationship between atherosclerotic plaque stability and JAM-A in atherosclerotic mice were estimated with statistical methods at last.Results There was no plaque in carotid artery of group A.On the contrary,obvious plaques were observed in carotid artery of group B and C.The total serum lipids level in group A was normal.But high-fat diet could obviously decrease the serum HDL-cholesterol level of group B and group C when compared with the controls(P ＜0.05).High-fat diet could increase the ratio of non-HDL-cholesterol (TC,TG,LDL).As shown with pathological staining,the content of extracellular lipids and foam cells in the plaque were significantly increased vs.control (P ＜ 0.05).On the contrary,the content of smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers were significantly increased vs.control(P ＜0.05).The plaque vulnerability index of group D was higher than that in group E(P ＜0.01).The expression of JAMA was increased in group D and E,and in group D was higher(P ＜0.01).While,few JAM-A expression in group A.There was significant correlation between plaque vulnerability index and JAM-A (P＜0.01).Conclusions High resolution uhrasound(22 MHz) can observe the formation of carotid plaque in ApoE-/-mice.There was a positive correlation between JAM-A expression and the vulnerability of plaque in carotid artery.JAM-A might be used for evaluation of plaque stability as a new indicator.
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Objective To investigate the application of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R)and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor Ⅱ (sTNFR Ⅱ) in extrapulmonary organ involvement sarcoidosis.Methods Of 28 cases with sarcoidosis which were in active period,12 cases were in extrapulmonary organ involvement subgroup,16 cases were in pure pulmonary lesions subgroup.Serum sIL-2R and sTNFR Ⅱ of the two groups were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and compared.Results The expression level of sIL-2R in extrapulmonary organ involvement subgroup was (1.60 ± 0.80) μg/L,significantly higher than that of pure pulmonary lesions group,and there was significant difference((1.00±0.29)μg/L,t =2.764,P＜0.05);and the expression level of sTNFR Ⅱ in extrapulmonary organ involvement subgroup was (1.09 ± 0.24) μg/L,significantly higher than that of pure pulmonary lesions group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant((0.85±0.29) μg/L,t =2.183,P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression level of peripheral blood serum sIL-2R and sTNFR Ⅱ may serve as the important indexes to judge the extrapulmonary organ involvement sarcoidosis.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is thought to arise from the interaction of environmental exposures and genet -ic susceptibility, and major research efforts are underwent to identify genetic determinants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COPD susceptibility.The suspected COPD genes include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), SERPINA1, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3).A lot of Genome-Wide Association Study in COPD have identified some novel genes influencing COPD , such as CHRNA3/5, IREB2, HHIP and FAM13A.This review detailedly describe the advances in this field .
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Objective To analyze the changes of superior vena cava SVC spectra in patients with pulmonary hypertension PH and screen the proper parameters of SVC to predict PH Methods Eighty patients with congenital heart disease who underwent right heart catheterization for the measurement of pulmonary artery pressure were included SVC Doppler ultrasound was performed before the catheterization The cut-off point of SVC parameters in the prediction of PH was analyzed using receiver operator characteristic curve ROC curve Results Eighty subjects were included and there were 61 patients in PH group and 10 patients in the control group whose spectra pattern had four waves The data of the 9 subjects whose SVC spectrum were not four waves were excluded from the analysis Diagnostic criteria for PH was pulmonary artery systolic pressure PASP more than 30 mmHg measured by right heart catheterization The analysis of the peak velocity of SVC waves showed that ventricular systolic wave S reduced ventricular reversal wave VR reduced and the ratio of atrial reversal wave and ventricular systolic wave AR S increased in the PH group Compared with the control group their differences were statistically significant t =2 244 2 063 -2 896 P =0 028 0 043 0 005 The ROC curve showed that the ratio of AR S had better diagnostic effect than other parameters On the ROC curve of AR S when the ratio of AR S was 0 45 the sensitivity was 73 77% and specificity was 80 00% respectively for predicting PH When AR S was used to distinguish the control group from patients with moderate and severe PH group the sensitivity was 82 86% and specificity was 80 00% respectively Conclusions Using the ratio of AR S 0 45 as a cut-off for prediction of PH shows a good sensitivity and specificity which might be an alternative method for assessing PH alternative method for assessing PH.
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were measured at the end of inspiratory.ResultsThe differences of following parameters were statistically significant between the healthy control group, mild PH group, moderate PH group and severe PH group: velocity time integral of ventricular systolic wave (SVTI), velocity time integral of ventricular diastolic wave (DVTI), AR, AR/S, ARVTI/SVTI, AR/(S+D), ARVTI/(SVTI+DVTI,F=2.940, 2.838, 3.373, 7.681, 3.478, 12.052, 4.806;P<0.05,<0.05,<0.05,<0.01,<0.05,<0.01,<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that ratio of AR/(S+D) was positively correlated with pulmonary artery mean pressure (r= 0.575,P<0.01). ConclusionsThe ratio of AR/(S+D) of MHV Doppler flow spectra was correlated with pulmonary artery mean pressure. The ratio increased along with the increasing of pulmonary pressure in CHD patient. The Doppler echocardiographic detection of MHV flow had a certain reference value for the diagnosis of PH. The ratio of AR/(S+D) could be a new non-invasive parameter for evaluating PH.
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Objective To research the Annexin V-nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents'preparation, ultrasound imaging and the ability to binding apoptosis cells of tumor in vitro.Methods The nanoscale bubble (Nanobubbles,NBs ) packaged the octaflouropropane (C3 F8 ) gas was prepared by thin film hydration.The Annexin V-Nanobubbles (AVNBs ) solutions was acquired through conjugating the biotinylated-Annexin V to the surface of the NBs by biotin-streptavidin bridging chemistry.The size and zeta potential of AVNBs were measured by NanoPlus-3 zeta/nano particle analyzer.The shift in size distribution of AVNBs bubbles was analyzed for the stability,after it was stored at 4 ℃ for different time. AVNB's shape were measured by scanning electron microscopy.The AVNBs bubble was measured using an ultrasound system for echogenicity in vitro,and SonoVue was for control.Finally,the ability of AVNBs binding with apoptosis cells of tumor in vitro was determine via the fluorescence microscope.Results AVNBs has a size distribution of (640.2±32.1 )nm,and a mean zeta potential of (-23.30 ±5.71 )mV.Its size remained relatively constant and appeared to show less size variation within the 24 h analysis period. AVNBs solutions were visible milky white and slightly suspension liquid with the naked eye.Under scanning electron microscopy,AVNBs were uniform hollow sperical cavitation bubble with small size and larger dispersibility in solution.The AVNBs and SonoVue solution had the same higher grayscale signal intensity by ultrasonic imaging.The AVNBs binded well with apoptosis cells of tumor in vitro,and the rate of binding was (97.55 ± 1 .30 )%.Conclusions The AVNBs particles prepared by method of thin film hydration have a nanoscale size,good stability and echogenicity.It can be targeted binding with the apoptosis cells of tumor in vitro.
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Currently, medical ultrasound teaching focuses on the delivering the image infor-mation itself, while its connection with basic medicine and clinical medicine is neglected. Such a teaching method is not good for students to establish a systemic view. To conduct the ultrasound medi-cine education effectively in undergraduate students, we have tried some reforms, including: perform-ing diseases or problem based teaching, integrating basic medicine, ultrasound medicine and clinical medicine throughout the whole teaching process, providing as many practice opportunities as possible for the graduates and integrating the ultrasound imaging with other medical imaging modalities. The practice shows that with the reform, the students have a better understanding of ultrasonic knowledge itself, a better grasp of the whole medical knowledge structure, and also have a preliminary impression on how to diagnose the disease through reasonable application of different treatments. In addition, students have more passion for study.
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Objective To observe the peripheral arterial Doppler flow velocity curve changes and elucidate the blood flow characteristics by adding extra pressure on the limbs,and to provide evidence for better diagnosis of peripheral arterial diseases by ultrasound.Methods Color Doppler ultrasound instrument was used to record the brachial artery(BA),radial artery(RA),common femoral artery(CFA) and popliteal artery(POA) Doppler flow velocity curves both at rest and under different grades of distal and proximal limb pressuring in 40 randomly selected healthy adults.The peak systolic and early diastolic reverse flow velocity(PSV,PRV) and the resistance index (RI) were measured and analyzed.Results Three-phase waveform was seen at rest.Significant changes were noticed in PRV and RI under distal pressuring,while no significant difference was seen in PSV between groups.Conclusions Normal peripheral arteries show pulsed step-by-step blood flow pattern along with the cardiac cycles.Peripheral arterial Doppler flow curves changes regularly with limb grading pressuring.
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Objective To explore the value of superior vena cava (SVC) Doppler spectrum in evaluation of the therapeutic effects of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (HBHO)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats and establish a new method for assessing pulmonary hypertension.Methods Fifty male SD rats were included.Forty of them were developed HBHO-PH and randomly divided into four groups with different manipulations:beraprost treatment group,sildenafil treatment group,placebo group and model group,with 10 rats in each group.The rest of 10 rats served as controls.Cardiac structure,pulmonary peak velocity (PAVmax),tricuspid peak velocity (TVEmax) and SVC Doppler ultrasound were performed in all rats before and after treatment for 2 weeks.Pulmonary arterial pressure was determined by the right heart catheterization.The relationship of the parameters with the pulmonary arterial pressure was analyzed.HE staining was done in lung tissues.Results Right heart catheterization showed that pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of the treatment groups were lower than that of the model group,the difference was significant(P ＜0.01).Pulmonary artery pressure decreased in varying degrees both after placed in a normal environment and after 2 weeks of treatment.PASP of the beraprost treatment group and the sildenafil treatment group decreased significantly and showed no statistical significant difference with the control group.In contrast,PASP of the placebo group was significant higher than that of control group(P ＜ 0.05).No statistically significant difference was found between the non-placebo treatment groups in PASP.Compared with the control group,the right ventricle/body weight ratio of the model group was statistically significant increased in all other groups(P ＜0.01).Right SVC AR/S ratio was well correlated with PASP (r =0.603,P =0.001).Right SVC AR/S ratio was statistically significant lower in treatment groups compared with the model group (P ＜0.01).All groups except the control group demonstrated various degrees of pulmonary arterial wall thickening.Conclusions The right SVC spectrum of AR/S correlates well with PASP and can be used to evaluate the pharmacological therapeutic effect of rats with HBHO-PH,in particular with moderate to severe PH.
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Objective To construct the bait plasmid of pSos-single immunoglobin IL-1 receptor related protein (SIGIRR) in Cy-toTrap yeast two hybrid system ,and to test its self-activation .Methods The cDNA fragments of SIGIRR(480 -1 230 bp) were amplified from pReceiver-LV19-SIGIRR and ligated into the bait plasmid pSos to generate the plasmid pSos-SIGIRR .The pSos-SI-GIRR was identified by DNA sequencing and dual-site endonuclease digestion .Then the recombinant plasmid and control plasmid were introduced into the yeast cell cdc25H .The transformants were inoculated on plates of 25 ℃ /SD/Glucose(-UL) ,25 ℃/SD/Ga-lactose(-UL) ,37 ℃ /SD/Glucose(-UL) and 37 ℃ /SD/Galactose ,respectively and the proliferation ability of transformant was ob-served for 6 d .The Western blot was adopted to detect the expression of target protein .Results The pSos-SIGIRR vector was cor-rectly constructed and proved of no self-activation and toxic action .The Western blot showed that the target protein was expressed in a form of fusion protein of 170KD .Conclusion The bait plasmid containing SIGIRR cytoplasmic tail can be applied to the yeast two-hybrid system and lays the important foundation for seeking the interacting protein with SIGRR from the human lung cDNA li-brary in .